{"title":"COGO","description":"\u003cp\u003ePRODOTTI COGO\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"trifoglio-bianco-nano-huia-non-trattato","title":"DWARF WHITE CLOVER MIX HUIA - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp\u003e Composition: 97% HUIA repens clover - 3% RIVENDEL repens clover\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"0.5 kg bag","offer_id":42975306678467,"sku":"COGO-7620-0,5KG","price":18.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975306547395,"sku":"COGO-7620-1KG","price":30.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975306580163,"sku":"COGO-7620-5KG","price":90.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975306612931,"sku":"COGO-7620-10KG","price":145.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975306645699,"sku":"COGO-7620-25KG","price":330.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/2363.jpg?v=1710432186"},{"product_id":"trifoglio-squarroso","title":"SQUARROSO CLOVER - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e It is widespread in some areas of central and southern Italy; further north, although good resistance to cold is reported (down to -10 °C), the crop is often seriously damaged by frost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e Squarrose clover - Trifolium squarrosum Savi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e It has characteristics and possibilities of use very similar to those of the red clover, from which it is distinguished by its larger size, greater desire and the yellowish-white or red flower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs and cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The sowing time, the cultivation technique and the harvesting time are those already described for the red clover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eProduction is significantly higher, being able to reach 40-50 t\/ha of grass in cultivation, possibly no later than flowering due to the coarseness of the stem.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975307038915,"sku":"COGO-7624-1KG","price":7.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975307071683,"sku":"COGO-7624-5KG","price":33.11,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975307104451,"sku":"COGO-7624-10KG","price":60.28,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975307137219,"sku":"COGO-7624-25KG","price":139.57,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/2374.jpg?v=1710432193"},{"product_id":"senape-bianca","title":"ORGANIC WHITE MUSTARD","description":"\u003cp\u003e Herbaceous annual plant. Plant up to 80cm tall, hairy below. Excellent biofumigant plant if used as green manure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"10 kg pack","offer_id":42975307989187,"sku":"COGO-7614-10kg","price":62.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975308021955,"sku":"COGO-7614-1KG","price":8.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975308087491,"sku":"COGO-7614-25KG","price":135.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg","offer_id":42975308120259,"sku":"COGO-7614-5KG","price":27.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/Senape_Bianca.jpg?v=1736951115"},{"product_id":"phacelia-non-trattata","title":"ORGANIC PHACELIA","description":"\u003cp\u003e The phacelia is an annual plant with an upright habit that reaches one meter in height. A honey plant, the flower produces high quality pollen and nectar that is very attractive to bees.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Excellent for green manure, as it releases large quantities of nitrogen into the soil. It also has a weed control action thanks to the release of particular chemical substances.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSpring and late summer sowing. In the first, greater flowering is obtained (approximately 60 days after sowing) which lasts over a month. The second, having good flowering, is more suitable for green manure. Phacelia seeds do not germinate if they remain on the surface, therefore they must be buried at about 3-4 cm.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975309168835,"sku":"COGO-7612-1KG","price":14.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975309201603,"sku":"COGO-7612-5KG","price":79.89,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975309234371,"sku":"COGO-7612-10KG","price":152.35,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975309267139,"sku":"COGO-7612-25KG","price":365.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/2366.jpg?v=1710432216"},{"product_id":"veccia-villosa","title":"VECCIA VILLOSA - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: organic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 150 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975317033155,"sku":"COGO-7628-1KG","price":8.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975317065923,"sku":"COGO-7628-5KG","price":34.15,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975317098691,"sku":"COGO-7628-10KG","price":63.6,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975317131459,"sku":"COGO-7628-25KG","price":135.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/veccia_villosa.jpg?v=1736953728"},{"product_id":"lupino-bio","title":"LUPINE - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Lupine is a grain legume known and widespread since ancient times in the Mediterranean Basin and in the Middle East for its remarkable adaptability to the most ungrateful, acidic and lean environments where every other legume fails, for its power to improve fertility of the soil and for its ability to produce a grain rich in proteins (up to over 35%) although not without various drawbacks. In fact, lupine seeds contain bitter and\/or poisonous alkaloids which must be eliminated through prolonged washing so that the seeds can be used in human or animal nutrition.\u003cbr\u003e In Italy, lupine cultivation collapsed following the depopulation of disadvantaged areas in which lupine had found its place in extremely poor cultivation systems.\u003cbr\u003e The Italian regions where lupine is most widespread are Calabria, Lazio, Puglia and Campania. \u003cbr\u003eNew expansion prospects could open up for lupine with the selection of varieties with a very low alkaloid content (sweet varieties).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e White lupine - Lupinus albus L. and Blue lupine - Lupinus angustifolius L. (photo \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.net-garden.de\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.net-garden.de\u003c\/a\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Lupins cultivated in Europe belong to three species: white lupin (Lupinus albus), yellow lupin (L. luteus) and blue or light blue lupin (L. angustifolius).\u003cbr\u003e In Italy the only interesting species, because it is the most suitable for the climate and the prevailing soils, is the white lupine, while the other species are more favored by the acidic soils and the humid and cool summer climate.\u003cbr\u003e The white lupine is characterized by the following traits. Annual plant, erect, up to 1.5 m tall, little branched, pubescent. Robust, taproot, which hosts numerous globose tubercles produced by Rhizobium. \u003cbr\u003eThe leaves are alternate, palmate-compound, that is, composed of a long petiole at the top of which 5-9 entire ovate-lanceolate leaflets are inserted, glabrous on the upper surface, often velvety on the lower one.\u003cbr\u003e The flowers are white, large, showy, gathered in racemes on the terminal part of the stem and branches.\u003cbr\u003e After fertilization, which is mainly autogamy, legumes are formed which are long, erect, leaning against the axis of the raceme, pubescent, flattened, containing numerous (3-6) seeds.\u003cbr\u003e The seeds are large, white, lenticular, up to 15 mm in diameter, weighing from 0.3 to 0.6 g per seed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e As mentioned, the peculiarity of lupine is that it thrives on acid soils. It is only in these that it deserves consideration, in fact lupine does not grow in calcareous soils and, on the other hand, other better quality grain legumes can be grown there. \u003cbr\u003eThe need for acidity or, in other words, the tolerance to limestone varies with the species: L. albus is the most tolerant (up to pH 7.2), L. luteus is the least tolerant (optimal pH between 4, 8 and 6).\u003cbr\u003e All lupins, without exception, greatly fear waterlogging and root asphyxiation, so only loose and well-drained soils are suitable for them.\u003cbr\u003e The sub-acid soils of volcanic origin present from Lazio to Campania are the most suitable for lupine.\u003cbr\u003e As regards climatic needs, the most important element is resistance to frost: only the white lupine resists the cold enough to be able to be sown in autumn in Italy and on the other hand tolerates the heat and drought that it encounters here in the of maturation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eLupine genetic improvement began several decades ago with the aim of lowering the alkaloid content of the seeds. \"Sweet\" foreign varieties of both white and blue lupine are now available: all of them must be checked to see if they are suitable for autumn sowing in Italy.\u003cbr\u003e New objectives that genetic improvement has begun to pursue are resistance to cryptogams, indehiscence of the pods, tolerance to limestone, resistance to cold.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Lupine should be considered as an improving crop that alternates with the autumn cereal and which requires a technique no less accurate than other crops. Therefore: plowing of the stubble at medium depth, as early as possible before sowing, and harrowing to prepare the seed bed which, moreover, does not require much fine tuning. \u003cbr\u003eThe sowing of white lupine in Italy is done in October-November, in rows 0.25-0.35 m apart with a suitable number of seeds to ensure a population density of 20-30 plants per m2; with the most common types requiring 100-150 kg\/ha of seed. Lupine is able to compensate for investment deficiencies by increasing the branching of existing plants.\u003cbr\u003e The fertilization to be ordinarily adopted is phosphate: it can be assumed that 60-80 kg\/ha of P2O5 largely meets the needs of the crop. Potassium fertilization is certainly not necessary in the case of sub-acid soils of volcanic origin, while it can be useful in siliceous soils, acidic due to leaching of cations. Nitrogen is never necessary, thanks to the active symbiotic nitrogen fixation that takes place in the root tubercles, abundant in lupine.\u003cbr\u003e Weed control can be achieved with weeding; the herbicides applicable to lupins are included among those already mentioned for other grain legumes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/lupino.jpg\" alt=\"Vacuum packed lupins\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\"\u003e Vacuum packed lupins (photo \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.agraria.org\u003c\/a\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Collection and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Maturation is reached in June-July. Traditionally, lupins were harvested before fully ripening, cutting or uprooting the plants, leaving them in the field to complete drying and then threshing them separately.\u003cbr\u003e Harvesting with a combine harvester is hindered by the schooling with which the pods ripen, by the easy dehiscence of the pods themselves and by the possibility that the seeds are broken by the working parts of the combine harvester.\u003cbr\u003e The average productions resulting from the statistics are rather low, but with a suitable cultivation technique productions of 2.5-3.5 t\/ha of grain should be achievable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Adversity and parasites\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eCryptogamic adversities that can cause serious damage to lupine are root rot (Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Phythium debaryanum), favored by asphyxiated soil. Several viruses can also attack this species\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975336300739,"sku":"COGO-7610-1KG","price":4.15,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975336333507,"sku":"COGO-7610-5KG","price":14.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975336366275,"sku":"COGO-7610-10KG","price":25.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975336399043,"sku":"COGO-7610-25KG","price":48.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/Lupino.jpg?v=1736953696"},{"product_id":"lupinella-sgusciata","title":"SHELLED SAINFIN - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eExcellent soil improver with a deep taproot system, rich in numerous large tubers. It is very hardy, resistant to pests, cold, and especially drought. A perennial plant with an average lifespan of 2-3 years, it adapts very well to poor, loose, calcareous, and stony soils, as long as they are not acidic. It can be sown intercropped with wheat (using the \"bulatura\" technique). When used as forage, it produces a highly palatable and digestible product, obtained practically from the first cut, as regrowth is quite modest. It is very suitable for grazing due to its palatability and digestibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Sainfoin is harvested by bees for both nectar and pollen. It is among the legumes most sought after by bees for its concentrated nectar (42-55% sugars), producing a white honey with a delicate aroma and flavor. In the Italian Apennine regions, it is an important supplier of pollen, and in some areas, from May to August, bees collect pollen almost exclusively from this legume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Sowing: in southern Italy and in mild climates in autumn, in colder climates at the end of winter, generally in March\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975337545923,"sku":"COGO-7609-1KG","price":9.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975337578691,"sku":"COGO-7609-5KG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975337611459,"sku":"COGO-7609-10KG","price":76.56,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/Lupinella.jpg?v=1736951302"},{"product_id":"erba-medica-varieta-padus","title":"ALFALFA PADUS VARIETY - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: Organic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 50 kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"kg.1","offer_id":42975644025027,"sku":"COGO-7604-1KG","price":17.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5kg","offer_id":42975644057795,"sku":"COGO-7604-5KG","price":58.6,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10kg","offer_id":42975644090563,"sku":"COGO-7604-10KG","price":140.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/ERBA_MEDICA_VARIETA_PADUS.jpg?v=1736954736"},{"product_id":"pisello-proteico-bio","title":"PROTEIN PEA - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e VARIETY: TURRIS\/MYTHIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: organic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 200 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975676694723,"sku":"COGO-7703-1KG","price":4.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975676727491,"sku":"COGO-7703-5KG","price":19.1,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975676760259,"sku":"COGO-7703-10KG","price":35.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975676793027,"sku":"COGO-7703-25KG","price":72.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3209.jpg?v=1710435411"},{"product_id":"grano-saraceno","title":"BUCKWHEAT - ORGANIC 100% Italian origin","description":"\u003cp\u003e Buckwheat, originally from Asia (Manchuria or Siberia), was introduced to Europe, through Russia, in the Middle Ages. Today it is still widespread in Russia, while in Europe it is limited to some areas of France and Germany. In Italy it is present in the provinces of Bolzano and Sondrio. \u003cbr\u003eThis plant is a cereal due to the composition of its grain which, being rich in starch, is used for the production of bread flour. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/granosaraceno.jpg\" alt=\"Buckwheat Inflorescence - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.\" width=\"600\" height=\"604\"\u003e Buckwheat Inflorescence - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (photo \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.kuleuven-kortrijk.be\u003c\/a\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eBuckwheat is a herbaceous plant with a poorly developed taproot, cylindrical, glabrous, erect, hollow stem, red or greenish in colour. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, equipped at the base with a characteristic stilar formation, called ocrea. The axillary or terminal inflorescence is made up of corymbiform, hermaphroditic racemes, without petals, with five sepals with pinkish-white or greenish flowers. The flowers have a dimorphic heterostyly: in fact, flowers with long pistils and short stamens (pin type) and flowers with short pistils and long stamens (thrum type) can be found. Cross-pollination can be both anemophilous and entomophilous. Not all flowers give rise to seeds. The fruit is a triangular-shaped achene, in the center of which is the embryo. 1,000 seeds weigh approximately 20 grams. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/granosaraceno1.jpg\" alt=\"Buckwheat - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.\" width=\"600\" height=\"359\"\u003e Buckwheat - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e Environmental needs and cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eBuckwheat varieties are distinguished by the size of the fruit, its color and the presence or absence of roughness\u003cbr\u003e Buckwheat is characterized by rapid tillering, making it highly competitive with any other plant, and by a high sensitivity to low temperatures and prolonged drought.\u003cbr\u003e For these reasons, in areas with a continental climate, sowing must be done in late spring, on well fertilized soil (with organic or mineral fertilizer) and plowed superficially, distributing from 50 to 100 kg\/ha of seed in relation to the weight and sowing method (broadcast or rows). Regarding the nutritional needs of this plant, it can be said that it is particularly demanding of potassium in the specific case in which the crop is intended only for the production of grain.\u003cbr\u003e During the growth period the plant does not require any specific cultivation practice. \u003cbr\u003eIf you want to obtain a good harvest, it is important to have two beehives per hectare in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e Collection and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The harvest cannot take place when the seeds are completely ripe, all that is needed is for the majority of the fruits to have taken on a more or less dark colour: it is done by hand with a sickle or sickle. The sheaves are left in the field for 15-20 days, so that the seeds can fully ripen; then the threshing is carried out. Per hectare there is a yield of 15-20 quintals of grain and 30 quintals of straw.\u003cbr\u003e The forage crop, on the other hand, is mowed shortly after the start of flowering and there is a green production of 120-150 quintals per hectare. In less fertile soil it can be grown as a green manure plant. \u003cbr\u003eBuckwheat seeds are very rich in proteins, largely represented by glutelins, and are therefore a food very rich in lysine and poor in glutamic acid and proline. The flour is used in human nutrition (bread, biscuits, polenta); its excessive consumption, however, causes a skin rash in the areas most exposed to the sun (phagopyrism). If used in the zootechnical field, it should preferably be mixed with others, because its large consumption can cause fagopyrism, even in animals.\u003cbr\u003e Until the mid-twentieth century, this plant was also cultivated for pharmacological use: rutin, a glycosidic flavone used in the treatment of disorders due to anomalous fragility of the veins, was extracted from it.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"kg.1","offer_id":42975677186243,"sku":"COGO-8102-1KG","price":7.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5kg","offer_id":42975677219011,"sku":"COGO-8102-5KG","price":27.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10kg","offer_id":42975677251779,"sku":"COGO-8102-10KG","price":55.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25kg","offer_id":42975677284547,"sku":"COGO-8102-25KG","price":116.65,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/GRANOSARACENOVESTITO.jpg?v=1746692037"},{"product_id":"trifoglio-repens-nanissimo-non-trattato","title":"UNTREATED DWARF WHITE CLOVER REPENS","description":"\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Characteristics:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe dwarf white clover is a selection of white clover specially chosen for the garden and characterized by its short height, creeping habit and small leaves.\u003cbr\u003e It is aggressive towards weeding grasses.\u003cbr\u003e It is used exclusively for flowerbeds, gardens and ornamental borders\u003cbr\u003e Thanks to the reduced number of annual cuts (2-3) it is a low maintenance species. It adapts to poor and loose soil, even if it prefers fresh soil. It is resistant to cold and drought. The best time for sowing is late spring or late summer\/early autumn. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch4 class=\"prodotto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Doses and methods of use:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Dwarf clover is available in 200g jars (to preserve freshness). sufficient to sow an area of ​​approximately 20 m2. or in a 500 g case. sufficient to cover a surface of approximately 50 m2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975678103747,"sku":"COGO-7621-1KG","price":23.1,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975678136515,"sku":"COGO-7621-5KG","price":110.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975678169283,"sku":"COGO-7621-10KG","price":205.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975678202051,"sku":"COGO-7621-25KG","price":467.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5 kg bag","offer_id":42975678234819,"sku":"COGO-7621-0,5KG","price":24.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3211.jpg?v=1710435429"},{"product_id":"trifoglio-pratense","title":"ORGANIC CANDIED CLOVER","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Pratense or violet clover has certainly been one of the most widespread fodder legumes in Europe for some time and in some countries of the old continent it reaches extensions of several hundred thousand hectares. \u003cbr\u003eIn Italy, however, the pure cultivation of this grass legume has gradually lost interest over the last twenty years.\u003cbr\u003e Of not very ancient cultivation, the Prato clover probably arrived in Europe through Spain and, from there, spread to France, Germany and the Netherlands.\u003cbr\u003e Already known as a fodder plant, the Prato clover was never extensively cultivated and only became a plant of primary importance when, introduced into England in the mid-1600s, it was included in the rotation to replace bare fallow. The consequences of this measure were twofold: on the one hand it caused a significant increase in fodder availability and, on the other, thanks to its nitrogen-fixing capacity and the consequent enrichment of the nitrogen content of the soil, it allowed an increase in all agricultural production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe root system of the Pratense clover is made up of a small, very branched taproot, so it is rather superficial. The stems are erect, branched, hollow, up to 0.8 m high. the leaves are trifoliate, with oval leaflets with entire margins, bearing a light green V-shaped band on their upper surface. The inflorescences are globose, with a flower head, composed of numerous (80-100) small, tubular flowers, of a more or less intense pink color, tending towards purple. Fertilization, exclusively crossed, is ensured by pollinating insects (bees, bumblebees).\u003cbr\u003e The fruit is a small uni-seeded legume, the seeds are small (1000 weigh 1.6-1.8 g), almost pear-shaped (globose on one side, thinner on the opposite side), of a bright yellow color with shades of violet, very variable from seed to seed and from one part of the same seed to another. \u003cbr\u003eThe Pratense clover is a physiologically multiannual species, in practice, however, it behaves like a biennial species, as at the end of the 2nd year almost all the plants have died either due to drought or fungal attacks. Therefore the Pratense clover only lasts two years in cultivation in southern European countries, only in Northern Europe do the local varieties last 4-5 years.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs and cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Pratense clover has a more northern distribution area than that of alfalfa, as it resists the cold better, but does not adapt to hot and dry climates due to its rather superficial root system.\u003cbr\u003e As for the soil, it prefers medium-textured, fresh soil, which tolerates moist, very heavy, slightly calcareous, acidic soils well (pH 5-7.5, optimum 6-7), unsuitable for alfalfa. \u003cbr\u003ePratense clover is an excellent improving crop which, therefore, is suitable for following and preceding wheat or another similar cereal. It is impossible to grow Pratense clover on land that has hosted it only a short time before, therefore it is absolutely essential that the Pratense clover enters long rotations, i.e. in which a long period (at least 5 years) passes between two successive crops of this legume.\u003cbr\u003e Given the brevity of the production cycle and the slowness of its development in the 1st year, there is no convenience in sowing the Pratense clover in specialized crops. In Italy the normal technique was sowing in the burr in the middle of a cereal, but with the intensive cultivation of wheat has little chance of survival of the legumes sown in it.\u003cbr\u003e The most usual time for sowing is February-March, 30-35 kg\/ha of seed is used for sowing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn Prato clover, cross-fertilization is the absolute rule as the plants are totally self-incompatible.\u003cbr\u003e In each region there were local populations (“ecotypes”) well adapted to particular environmental conditions. Today only selected varieties can be traded. Renowned Italian ecotypes were the Bolognino or Pescarese, the Spadone.\u003cbr\u003e Production in the 1st year is very low, there is only inherent stubble which, at most, can be exploited with prudent grazing. Full, mowing production is achieved only in the 2nd and last year in which the lawn gives two excellent mowings, one in mid-May, the other at the end of June. Only in very favorable environments and years can there sometimes be a very modest third cut. .\u003cbr\u003e Hay yields are 5-6 t\/ha. Excellent purple clover hay cut at the beginning of flowering has a dry matter content of approximately 86%, crude proteins of 17-18% (on dry weight) and a nutritional value of 0.6-0.65 UF per kg of dry matter \u003cbr\u003eThe Pratense clover seed is produced on the 2nd cutting: the productions are low (100-200 kg\/ha) and are made very random by several difficulties: scarcity of pollinating insects, attacks by insects (Apion pisi), lodging, ginning.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975682527427,"sku":"COGO-7619-1KG","price":14.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975682560195,"sku":"COGO-7619-5KG","price":64.7,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975682592963,"sku":"COGO-7619-10KG","price":125.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975682625731,"sku":"COGO-7619-25KG","price":240.6,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3215.jpg?v=1710435460"},{"product_id":"melilotus","title":"MELILOTUS - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Annual or biennial bushy herbaceous plant with smooth, erect, branched and bright green stems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The leaves are oval trifoliate with finely toothed margins. The flowers, yellow in color and intensely scented (smell of coumarin from which the characteristic smell of fresh hay derives), are collected in long racemes. The fruit is a small globular legume, also yellowish in color.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eOther species:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe best-known species of the \u003cem\u003eMelilotus\u003c\/em\u003e genus which have the same properties are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelilotus alba\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelilotus altissima\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelilotus italica\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelilotus coerulea\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelilotus dentata\u003c\/em\u003e (low coumarin content).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975684624579,"sku":"COGO-7611-1KG","price":13.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975684657347,"sku":"COGO-7611-5KG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975684690115,"sku":"COGO-7611-10KG","price":105.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975684722883,"sku":"COGO-7611-25KG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3218.jpg?v=1710435482"},{"product_id":"avena-bianca-bio","title":"WHITE OATS - ORGANIC DRESSED 100% Italian origin","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Approximately 15 million hectares of oats are cultivated in the world with a production of almost 26 million tonnes of grain: oats are in 7th place in the cereal ranking, but with a general tendency to decrease.\u003cbr\u003e In Italy the surface area has dropped from 500,000 hectares in 1948 to around 150,000.\u003cbr\u003e The general, spectacular regression of oats in Italy and in the world is due to the decrease in horse breeding, to the lower productivity of oats in fodder units compared to barley, to the limits of use of oats in balanced feed caused by the cellulose content of the grain (which is abundantly dressed). \u003cbr\u003eOats are still found especially widespread in the southern regions of Italy where perhaps more out of a spirit of tradition than rationality they do not give way to cereals that could conveniently replace them (wheat and barley). However, oats have an undeniable, important advantage in exploiting rotations: that they are less sensitive than wheat and barley to foot pain and septoria.\u003cbr\u003e Oats, as well as being a cereal whose grain is the \"fodder\" par excellence and is also consumed in various ways by man, is a very important fodder crop in the form of grassland. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eApproximately 90% of the forms cultivated on Earth can be ascribed to the Avena sativa species (or \u003cstrong\u003ecommon oat\u003c\/strong\u003e ), the remainder almost exclusively to Avena byzantina (or \u003cstrong\u003ered oat\u003c\/strong\u003e ). Progenitor species of A. sativa would be Avena fatua, from A. byzantina, the A. sterilis. These wild species of A. fatua and A. sterilis are very fearsome weeds.\u003cbr\u003e Oats have a remarkably developed root system, superior to other cereals in terms of depth and expansion; robust culms, made up of a number of nodes generally higher than that of the other cereals in the group; leaves with wide blade, bluish green, with highly developed ligule, while the agricultural ones are missing. \u003cbr\u003eThe inflorescence is a typical, sparse panniculus, with numerous ramifications bearing spikelets with two (less frequently three) flowers; the caryopses are dressed when ripe; the husks are sometimes rested, with a characteristic kneeling stay, inserted on the back of the husk itself. Fertilization is autogamy.\u003cbr\u003e The weight of 1000 seeds is around 25-35 grams, that of the hectoliter is around 40-60 kg. The nutritional value is quite low due to the considerable quantity of fibre: on average 0.7 UF\/kg.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eOats have the highest water consumption of all cereals, excluding rice, so they are particularly susceptible to damage from heat and dry weather, especially during grain harvest: this is why they are a species well suited to cool, humid climates. Of the two species, A. byzantina tolerates drought and high temperatures much better than Avena sativa, so we find them distributed in clearly differentiated environments: in climates (Mediterranean, Middle East) the byzantina, in cool ones (Central and Northern Europe) the sativa.\u003cbr\u003e Even the wild oats that are found to infest cereals have different habitats: in northern Italy A. fatua, in the central southern one the A. sterilis. \u003cbr\u003eOats are very poorly resistant to cold, so almost all oats in the world are grown in spring sowing, with the exception of hot-arid climates where they are sown in autumn. Minimum temperatures of the order of -10°C are fatal for spring varieties, while for autumn varieties the threshold is -14°C.\u003cbr\u003e As for the soil, oats are much more adaptable than any other cereal: to lean or sub-acid soils, very compact or very loose (provided there is no lack of humidity in these), too soft because they are rich in poorly decomposed organic substance (therefore excellent for clearing moors, woods, meadows, etc.). It is less adaptable than wheat to the salinity of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e Being very resistant to foot pain, oats adapt well to stubble.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The main objectives of oat genetic improvement are resistance to lodging, to force nitrogen fertilization, and to cold, to be able to sow in autumn. \u003cbr\u003eThe genetic improvement of oats has not been developed in Italy like that of wheat. Therefore, the Italian varieties available today are few and still not satisfactory; most of the oat varieties registered in the National Register are foreign, of Northern European origin: but these, being selected in Nordic countries where sowing is always spring, do not resist the cold and therefore are not suitable for autumn sowing, and for furthermore they are unacceptably late.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Autumn sowing must be done earlier than wheat and barley itself: therefore in October; the spring one, in March-April.\u003cbr\u003e The most advisable quantity of seed is 120-150 kg\/ha, adopting lower densities in the case of early sowing. \u003cbr\u003eNitrogen fertilization must be commensurate not only with the fertility of the soil and the climate, but also with the resistance to lodging of the varieties used. The maximum doses applicable to the cv. Ava, they are 60-80 kg\/ha of nitrogen; on the other varieties, which are more lovable, 30-40 units are the maximum that can be given. The response of oats to nitrogen fertilization is even more spectacular than in other cereals.\u003cbr\u003e The sebum content is similar to that of wheat (obviously with the exclusion of avenicides).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Collection and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e With good cultivars, 4-5 t\/ha can be achieved in excellent conditions.\u003cbr\u003e Yields of 3.5-4 t\/ha are considered good.\u003cbr\u003e Consider that the grain in the best case scenario, i.e. regular filling of the kernels, is made up of 25-30% of the giumelle that cover them: in the very frequent case that the grain has been hindered by the lack of water, the covering portion it can also increase much beyond the percentages indicated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Adversity and parasites\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe main non-parasitic adversities are the following: winter frost which, when it arrives early or abruptly, can cause the destruction of autumn sowing; the lodging which most of the available varieties do not resist satisfactorily; the squeeze, frequent given the lateness of the species and its high water consumption, however the \"squeeze\" effect is not perceived in all its severity, given that the grain is dressed.\u003cbr\u003e The main parasitic adversities of oats are charcoal (Ustilago avenae), rusts (Puccinia coronata avenae and P. graminis avenae), powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) and nematodes: Ditylenchus dipesaci or culm eel, and Heterodera avenae or eel of the roots.\u003cbr\u003e Against cryptogamic diseases we must focus on genetic resistance; against nematodes all you have to do is avoid returning the oats successively to the same field.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42975686230211,"sku":"COGO-7601-25KG","price":36.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3241.jpg?v=1710435495"},{"product_id":"avena-nera-bio","title":"BLACK OATS - ORGANIC DRESSED 100% Italian origin","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eAutumn or spring sowing species used alone or for the formation of herbage in association with legumes and grasses. It is used not only for grain, but also for winter grazing or silage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The different varieties of oats are distinguished based on the color of the grain: white oats, generally indicated for the production of grain, have a less leafy and more robust plant, while black oats (dark color of the grain) are more precocious and more leafy, therefore more suitable for integral use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e It should be kept in mind that nitrogen fertilization must be commensurate not only with the fertility of the soil and the climate, but also with the resistance to lodging of the varieties used.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The optimal mowing period for silage production is from the beginning of heading until milk maturation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1kg","offer_id":54834358747517,"sku":"COGO-7602-1KG","price":3.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg","offer_id":57367243129213,"sku":"COGO-7602-5KG","price":13.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg","offer_id":57367243161981,"sku":"COGO-7602-10KG","price":20.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg","offer_id":54834358780285,"sku":"COGO-7602-25KG","price":40.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/AVENA_NERA_BIO.jpg?v=1748947984"},{"product_id":"trifoglio-incarnato","title":"CRIMSON CLOVER - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Crimson clover is among the most interesting annual forage legume species both for Mediterranean environments (with an autumn-spring cycle) and for central-northern European areas (with a spring-summer cycle).\u003cbr\u003e Native to Asia Minor, it has long been cultivated in its native India, throughout the Mediterranean basin, and in central and northern Europe; in the United States, its cultivation is limited to the eastern temperate regions and the southwestern area. \u003cbr\u003eThere are at least four biotypes of Alexandrian clover, each differing in its biological characteristics, size, and regrowth capacity: \"Fahl,\" a larger plant capable of producing a single cut; \"Saidi,\" a drought-resistant plant with a deep root system and capable of producing two to three cuts; \"Kadrawi,\" a long-cycle, late-ripening clover, typically producing two to three cuts, or even more if irrigated; and \"Miskawi,\" an early-growing clover capable of producing three to four cuts, the most widespread in Italy and Europe. The first three are grown in warmer regions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The plant has an erect habit, hollow stems, trifoliate compound leaves with sessile, narrow leaflets, carried by a long peduncle with enveloping stipules and axillary branches, basal shoots produced by the buds of the collar in succession throughout the cycle with intensity in relation to the environmental conditions and use, inflorescence in the form of a capitulum with white flowers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eEnvironmental needs and cultivation techniques\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Alexandrian clover is native to warm-temperate climates, does not tolerate temperatures below 0 °C and is resistant to high temperatures (up to 40 °C).\u003cbr\u003e To germinate, seeds require good humidity and a temperature of at least 8-9°C. Under favorable conditions, seedlings emerge in 3-4 days. Low temperatures slow or halt the vegetative growth of young seedlings, causing the leaves to take on a characteristic reddish color. At least 8-10°C is required for stem growth to begin. Flowering occurs at temperatures of at least 18-20°C and begins 120-150 days after sowing for autumn sowings and after just 40-60 days for spring sowings.\u003cbr\u003e From a podiatric point of view, Alexandrian clover is considered a species with limited needs.\u003cbr\u003e It is an improving species due to its taproot system and its abundance of root tubers. \u003cbr\u003eIt is also well suited for the creation of oligophyte forage crops.\u003cbr\u003e In temperate climates and neutral or alkaline soils it replaces crimson clover in Landsberger mixtures.\u003cbr\u003e It is generally believed that Alexandrian clover is not very demanding in terms of cultivation, being often sown on hard soil in the South, however in the clayey soils of the same area, ploughing to a depth of about 30 cm in August, repeated harrowing and levelling the surface after the first autumn rainfall are favourable conditions for obtaining a good forage crop.\u003cbr\u003e Irrigation is more widespread in central and northern Italy, while in southern Italy and on the islands the crop is normally dry. \u003cbr\u003eAlexandrian grass is generally harvested for forage production when the plant has just produced basal shoots that will produce new stems and therefore regrowth. For this reason, cutting or grazing must be carried out in such a way as not to damage the basal shoots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Currently in Italy 7 varieties are registered in the National Register (\"Akenaton\", \"Alex\", \"Axe\", \"Laura\", \"Miriam\", \"Lilibeo\" and \"Sacromonte\" with the first 5 registered only after 1990.\u003cbr\u003e Among the foreign varieties of some interest are 'Bigbee' and 'Multicut', 'Wafir' and 'Giza', and the tetraploids 'Pusa Giant' and 'Lage Giant'.\u003cbr\u003e The objectives of genetic improvement include: increasing resistance to low temperatures and water stress, extending the biological cycle, increasing overall productivity and individual uses, and improving quality. \u003cbr\u003eCurrently, seed is mostly obtained from the last regrowth of common crops planted for forage production (grazed and subsequently cut to obtain fresh forage or silage).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975694749891,"sku":"COGO-7617-1KG","price":10.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975694782659,"sku":"COGO-7617-5KG","price":39.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975694815427,"sku":"COGO-7617-10KG","price":75.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975694848195,"sku":"COGO-7617-25KG","price":180.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3240.jpg?v=1710435556"},{"product_id":"segale-bio","title":"ORGANIC RYE 100% Italian origin","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRye\u003c\/strong\u003e is a mountain cereal, rich in nutritional properties. Its high \u003cstrong\u003efiber\u003c\/strong\u003e content benefits the intestines and intestinal flora, and it also has \u003cstrong\u003eanti-arteriosclerotic\u003c\/strong\u003e effects.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; background: white;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eRye adapts well to high altitudes and is resistant to cold climates; it grows in difficult and poor soils (steppe, heathland) and matures quickly.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eIt probably originates in Western Asia and follows wheat crops as a weed between wheat and barley fields, gaining ground in colder climates.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eRye is still widely cultivated today in Germanic countries, in Russia, in France and in northern Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli, Lombardy and Piedmont).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eThanks to its resistance to cold, autumn sowing is possible even in climates that are prohibitive for other cereals.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 19.5pt; mso-outline-level: 3; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003ca name=\"dicono-di-lei\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca name=\"proprieta\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eProperties, calories and nutritional values ​​of rye\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eRich in nutrients, rye bread is recommended for asthenics, convalescents, and even those suffering from mild depression following psycho-physical stress.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eThe nutritional properties of rye are indeed remarkable, even though it has a lower protein content than wheat. Whole grain rye contains 69% carbohydrates and approximately 12% protein, making it both an energy-giving and nutritionally-rich food.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eIt is also rich in mineral salts such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium and numerous vitamins, especially those of group B.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e100 g of rye contains 342 kcal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eFurthermore, 100 g of product contains:\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eProtein 16 g\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eLipids 2.5 g\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eCarbohydrates 68 g\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eIron 3 mg\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eCalcium 25 mg\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003ePhosphorus 530 mg\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eThiamine 0.4 mg\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eRiboflavin 0.2 mg\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: 15.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eNiacin 1.4 mg\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg","offer_id":57323720081789,"sku":"COGO-8107-1KG","price":4.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg","offer_id":57323720114557,"sku":"COGO-8107-5KG","price":15.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg","offer_id":57323720147325,"sku":"COGO-8107-10KG","price":30.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg","offer_id":57323720180093,"sku":"COGO-8107-25KG","price":53.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3702.jpg?v=1710436936"},{"product_id":"trifoglio-sotterraneo-non-trattato","title":"UNDERGROUND CLOVER - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The underground clover, so called due to its marked geocarpism, is part of the group of self-seeding annual legumes which also includes other species belonging to the Trifolium and Medicago genera. \u003cbr\u003eThanks to its cycle suited to Mediterranean climates, its persistence in cultivation due to the phenomenon of self-seeding, its adaptability to poor soils (which among other things enriches it with nitrogen) and to continuous and severe grazing, underground clover is called to play an important role in many Southern European regions, not only as a fundamental resource of meadow-pasture systems, but also in unconventional uses, for example in multi-use systems in viticultural or forestry areas. For these reasons it should currently be considered as an emerging legume.\u003cbr\u003e Native to the Mediterranean basin and the coastal areas of Western Europe, where it reaches as far as England, it is widespread, as a component of natural pastures, on over 17.5 million hectares. It is also present in southern Australia, where it was introduced accidentally in the 19th century, and here the subterranean clover has reached its maximum diffusion, affecting around 20 million hectares. \u003cbr\u003eIn Italy, underground clover, like other self-reseeding legumes, is still undeservedly underestimated. Its cultivation area (excluding densification) is estimated at just 15,000 ha, 80% located in Sardinia and the remainder in central-southern Italy, from Tuscany to Sicily.\u003cbr\u003e The notable diversity of biological forms leads today to systematically classify the clover into three distinct species:\u003cbr\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eSubterranean clover\u003c\/strong\u003e (T. subterraneum L.), the most widespread, the least sensitive to cold, the most suitable for acidic and loose soils, the most active in burying seeds;\u003cbr\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eBrachycalycine clover\u003c\/strong\u003e (T. brachycalycinum Katzn and Morley), more adaptable to subalkaline and clayey soils, characterized by poor penetration of the reproductive organs into the soil;\u003cbr\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003eJanninic clover\u003c\/strong\u003e (T. yanninicum Katzn and Morley), suitable for humid areas, limitedly widespread in South-Eastern Europe and, sporadically, in Sardinia. \u003cbr\u003eA fourth species, considered minor, has also recently been identified: T. israeliticum D. Zoh and Katzu. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/trifogliosotterraneo.JPG\" alt=\"Subterranean clover - Trifolium suterraneum L.\" width=\"600\" height=\"461\"\u003e Subterranean clover - Trifolium subterraneum L. (photo Francesco Sodi)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The underground clover is an autogamous, annual, autumn-spring cycle legume, low in size (15-30 cm) with shallow roots, creeping and hairy stems, trifoliate leaves with characteristic spots (useful for varietal recognition), peduncles flowers that bear flower heads made up of 2-3 white flowers which, after fertilisation, curve towards the ground and penetrate it for a few centimetres, depositing the mature legumes (called \"glomeruli\") which, very numerous, end up stratifying abundantly in and out of the ground. \u003cbr\u003eThe plant cover is singularly very low in height and extremely compact, with the bulk of the phytomass close to the ground (5-10 cm), with leaves located at the top and stems and reproductive organs located at the bottom, and functioning well even when subjected to frequent defoliations.  \u003cbr\u003eThe glomeruli contain subspherical brown seeds (lilac in certain varieties). At maturation, the percentage of hard seeds is significant (from 65 to 90% depending on the cultivars) but, after the strong summer temperature variations, this percentage is reduced to 20-30%. The proportion of hard seeds is very important for the future of the crop: if it is too high, there is a risk of compromising self-seeding in the first year; if it is too low, there is a risk of \"false starts\", due to the exhaustion of all germinable seeds at the first autumn rains, with consequent compromise of subsequent births, which are also very useful in the event of failures due to recurrences of drought. Generally, the rate of hard seeds must be greater the more arid the environments are and the more pronounced the temperature changes are.\u003cbr\u003e The loss of hardness can also occur rapidly as a result of the passage of fire (hence the pastoral fires specifically implemented to enrich the pastures with legumes). \u003cbr\u003eThe persistence of subterranean clover is closely linked to the fate of the seeds produced and the dynamics of the seed stock in the soil.\u003cbr\u003e Naturally, the fate of the seeds is conditioned by many factors, among which the initial hardness (generally greater in the early varieties), the degree of deepening of the glomeruli in the soil (less in the brachycalicine type), the dimensions of the seeds ( the small ones germinate earlier as they require less water); the presence of predatory insects. Generally, under conditions of correct management, the self-seeding rate (ratio between the number of seedlings present in autumn and the number of seeds produced in the previous summer) tends to increase in the first 3-4 years and then decrease over the years subsequent ones. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/trifogliosotterraneo1.JPG\" alt=\"Subterranean clover - Trifolium suterraneum L.\" width=\"600\" height=\"388\"\u003e Subterranean clover - Trifolium subterraneum L. (photo Francesco Sodi)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs and cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eSubterranean clover is a typical forage crop from acid soils (with the differences already mentioned for the different species) and from Mediterranean climates characterized by hot, dry summers and humid, mild winters (average minimum temperatures of the coldest month not lower than +1 ° C). In its typical form (T. subterraneum L.), it is a particularly heliophilous species and therefore very sensitive to the shading of grasses, but often also to the intraspecific competition that arises when it is not adequately used. In practice, it is precisely the methods of use that influence its persistence. It has been found that Lai, CGR, areic production of dry matter, and seed production increase when the clover is grazed (preferably with sheep) in a continuous and severe manner, even during the flowering period (which, contrary to what was believed in past, does not require suspension, but only a small lightening of the load) and, sometimes, even in summer when trampling by animals can favor self-seeding for better burial of the glomeruli. \u003cbr\u003eTypically underground clover is alternated with cereals and kept in cultivation for 3-5 years. Sometimes (but rarely in Italy), there is no need to reseed it after the cereal, this is the case of the Australian \"ley-farming\" system which consists in following 3-4 years of underground clover with a cereal for 1-2 years and then allowing the clover pasture to regenerate spontaneously thanks to the hard seeds accumulated in the soil. More frequently, underground clover is used to thicken, or create from scratch, permanent out-of-rotation pastures of indefinite duration. \u003cbr\u003eThe planting as a monophyte pasture is carried out in autumn by carrying out shallow tillage and using, generally by broadcasting, 25-35 kg\/ha of seed, after checking the presence of the specific rhizobia, which otherwise must be inoculated. In certain cases, to improve production stability, mixtures of varieties of different earliness are used. Intercrops with Lolium rigidum (self-reseeding annual grass) or with aquatic Phalaris (perennial) can be implemented to better use the nitrogen produced by the clover, but, to avoid the predominance of the grasses, frequent uses are necessary. To extend grazing almost all year round, intercropping with summer species such as \"warm season grasses\" or shrubs (e.g. Morus alba) has been successfully tried. \u003cbr\u003eAnother way of planting underground clover is by direct sowing in degraded swards, to be broadcast, with the same doses of seed used for pure cultivation, at the beginning of autumn. Sometimes, immediately after between sowing, it is advisable to graze the pre-existing sward residues, in order to facilitate the contact of the seeds with the soil through trampling and to reduce initial competition.\u003cbr\u003e The non-negligible nitrogen fixation (estimated by various authors, between 100 and 200 kg\/ha per year) recommends not administering this element. On the other hand, phosphate supplies are very useful, as long as they are not too abundant (40-60 kg\/ha) in order to avoid the excessive development of the clover with consequent exaggerated introduction of nitrogen and exaggerated shading by the spontaneous grasses. In Spain, equilibrium doses even lower than 30 kg\/ha of P2O5 are indicated. \u003cbr\u003eSubterranean clover usually provides considerable quantities of seed (0.3-1.0 t\/ha) which, with burial, form an abundant blanket in the first layers of the soil. Harvesting involves the use of special pneumatic machines that suck the glomeruli from the ground. The presence of some insects can lead to significant reductions in yields and, sometimes, compromise self-seeding itself.\u003cbr\u003e There are currently no serious adversities for underground clover in Italy. However, in Australia they are fearsome: Kabatiella caulivora, Phytophtora clandestina and Pythium irregulara.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn Italy there is no Official Register of underground clover varieties. Currently, the varieties available on the market are mainly Australian: the most widespread are: for the underground clover “Geraldton” (early), “Seaton Park” (semi-early), “Woogenellup” (medium), “Mount Barker” ( semi-late), “Leura” (from Sardinian material, late); for the brachycalicine: “Clare” (medium); for the Janninic: “Trikkala” (from Greek germplasm, semi-early). Australian material is not always perfectly adapted to our environments. The CVs appear more promising. Spanish clovers of underground clover “Orellana” (early) and “Areces” (medium) and those of brachycalicine clover “Valmoreno” (semi-late) and “Gaitan” (late). Even more suitable are the recent Italian cultivars obtained in Sardinia, such as \"Losa\" (semi-early), \"Campeda\" (medium) and \"Limbara\" (semi-late) for the underground clover, and \"Antas\" (semi-late) for brachycalicine clover. Other improvement actions are conducted in Sicily and central Italy. \u003cbr\u003eThe orientation of genetic improvement is towards types with: resistance to cold, winter growth, rapid establishment, differentiated earliness, high seed production, balanced content of hard seeds to have at the same time rapid self-sowing and a stable seed bank in the soil . More recently, the Experimental Institute for Fodder Crops has selected lines of reduced vigor and high density suitable for unconventional uses (technical grassing). \u003cbr\u003eGrazing, especially if continuous and intense, is the most congenial form of use for underground clover. In order not to compromise the settlement, it must not start before 3-4 weeks from the autumn resettlement, but subsequently it can continue, as already mentioned, until the summer. The yield of monolith crops varies from 4 to 8 t of dry matter\/ha, in which 0.1-0.4 t of grazing glomeruli must be added. Certain varieties with a high estrogen content (mainly formononetin, belonging to the isoflavone group) can compromise the fecundity of animals, but genetic improvement has now reduced the problem.\u003cbr\u003e Due to its exceptional plasticity, underground clover, like other self-reseeding annual legumes, finds ample space for use even in unconventional uses. For example: \u003cbr\u003eAs a cover crop in tree plantings or vineyards, the cycle of the earliest cultivars, ideal for erosion control in autumn-winter and for the mulching action (covering the soil with dry plant residues) in summer, appears completely independent of that of the vine, furthermore, during its dormancy period, grazing by sheep is possible, with a non-negligible added value in the framework of multi-purpose viticultural-pastoral systems;\u003cbr\u003e As a cover crop in rotations between herbaceous crops (for example corn-sunflower) to improve sustainability and conserve, with limited inputs, soil fertility;\u003cbr\u003e For grassing of firebreaks in forest areas, to limit soil losses and, with grazing, reduce fire risks; \u003cbr\u003eFor the creation of swards under forest cover to allow animals to keep the undergrowth clean and less combustible, for its greater resistance to shading, the brachycalicine clover seems particularly suitable for this role.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975855575235,"sku":"COGO-7623-1KG","price":15.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975855608003,"sku":"COGO-7623-5KG","price":67.1,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3705.jpg?v=1710436946"},{"product_id":"miscuglio-sovescio-biologico-multifloreale-biodiversita-per-api","title":"MULTIFLORAL GREEN MANURE MIXTURE BIODIVERSITY FOR BEES","description":"\u003ch5\u003eOrganic green manure blend with a biodynamic-inspired formulation. Suitable for soil regeneration and rebalancing. A powerful soil structure improver. Given the wide variety of species it contains, it is particularly suitable for beekeeping. Suitable for vegetable gardens, orchards, vineyards, and olive groves. Suitable for perennial plantings. Phacelia and buckwheat can grow too rapidly, crowding out other plants. Therefore, it is recommended to mulch them at flowering to make room for later-blooming plants. In this case, mulch at a height of 10 cm from the ground, leave on the soil, and bury the mixture when the green manure is ready. Nitrogen-fixing blend.\u003cbr\u003e Spring sowing is suitable for all climates, while autumn sowing can continue until mid-September in cold regions and even throughout the winter in very warm regions.\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e Practical advice\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e ·\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e It is useful to spread and bury 2 to 3 kg of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/agribioshop.it\/products\/humus-anenzy-biologico\"\u003eorganic humus\u003c\/a\u003e per hectare in the soil where you will sow.\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e ·\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e It is very useful to spray on the soil before sowing, or as soon as it is sown, a dose of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/agribioshop.it\/products\/500-cornoletame\"\u003ehorn manure\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/agribioshop.it\/products\/fladen\"\u003efladen\u003c\/a\u003e dynamized together,\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e ·\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e It's very helpful for planting by following the calendar, choosing the waning moon as the planting days for leaves and flowers. You can download the free calendar \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/calendario-biodinamico-AgriBio-2024.jpg?v=1729842440\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e .\u003c\/h5\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1kg","offer_id":42975858229443,"sku":"COGO-7854-1KG","price":26.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg","offer_id":42975858262211,"sku":"COGO-7854-5KG","price":110.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3716.jpg?v=1710436984"},{"product_id":"miscuglio-per-prato-pluriennale-polifita-per-produzione-foraggio-pastura","title":"POLYPHITE MEADOW MIXTURE GROUNDGROUND 2 - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: grasses 80%, hybrid clover and sainfoin 20% - suitable for poorly fertile, draining calcareous soils\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eRECOMMENDED DOSE: 50KG PER H\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e the images are inserted for illustrative purposes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":42975858720963,"sku":"COGO-7865-25KG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975858753731,"sku":"COGO-7865-10KG","price":63.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975858786499,"sku":"COGO-7865-1KG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":42975858819267,"sku":"COGO-7865-5KG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3719.jpg?v=1710436991"},{"product_id":"mix-soleggiato-calpestabile-a-foglia-fine","title":"WALKABLE SUNNY TURF MIX - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR THE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWEIGHTS WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e BAGS: 25KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: perennial ryegrass (3 varieties) 50%, red festuca (2 varieties) 25%, common red festuca 10%, meadow grass 13%, 2% stolon grass\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 80 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975859998915,"sku":"COGO-7872-10KG","price":80.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":42975860031683,"sku":"COGO-7872-1KG","price":11.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg","offer_id":42975860064451,"sku":"COGO-7872-5KG","price":45.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg","offer_id":42975860097219,"sku":"COGO-7872-25KG","price":205.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3726.jpg?v=1710436998"},{"product_id":"colza-bio","title":"ORGANIC RAPESEED","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"kg.1","offer_id":42975902990531,"sku":"COGO-7603-1KG","price":8.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"5kg","offer_id":42975903023299,"sku":"COGO-7603-5KG","price":31.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"25kg","offer_id":42975903056067,"sku":"COGO-7603-25KG","price":134.2,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3930.jpg?v=1710437444"},{"product_id":"festuca","title":"FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA FOR GROWING - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42975903416515,"sku":"COGO-7606-1KG","price":10.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3931.jpg?v=1710437450"},{"product_id":"miscuglio-per-prato-stabile-polifita-maggengo","title":"MAGGENGO POLIFITE MEADOW MIXTURE","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: Festuca arundinacea, Perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, Dactylis glomerata, Common timothyle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eMixture of only grasses, with excellent forage production, suitable for grazing. Since we don't have legumes, the regrowth capacity at the second cut is limited. Suitable for most medium fertile soils, not excessively gravelly. Good resistance to water stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Recommended dose: 50 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Packaging: 25KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e the images are inserted for illustrative purposes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42975934677187,"sku":"COGO-7852-25KG","price":148.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3987.jpg?v=1710437683"},{"product_id":"miscuglio-interbimento-per-uliveto-interbimento-rustico","title":"RUSTIC GRASSING MIXTURE","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e BAGS: 10 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS (grasses only): Perennial Ryegrass 60%, Tall Fescue 20%, Red Fescue 20%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 100 kg\/ha\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42975935856835,"sku":"COGO-7822-10KG","price":62.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/INTERBIMENTO_RUSTICO.jpg?v=1736941705"},{"product_id":"sovescio-base-adatto-a-tutti-i-tipi-di-terreno","title":"BASIC GREEN MANUFACTURING SUITABLE FOR ALL TYPES OF SOIL","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Suitable for all types of soil as it maintains humus\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e A mixture suitable for vineyard\/orchard areas where the soil is already in good condition and no particular nitrogen enrichment is necessary - for balanced areas, it increases the organic substance in a balanced way, having a maintenance action.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e BAG: 25KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: 49% cereals (oats*, barley, rye, triticale, wheat, spelt)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 49% legumes (bean, pea, vetch, lupin*)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 2% rapeseed \/ mustard*\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 180 KG\/HA effective surface area\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSOWING: AUTUMN\/SPRING\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976150945987,"sku":"COGO-7875-25KG","price":72.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/SOVESCIO_BASE_ADATTO_A_TUTTI_I_TIPI_DI_TERRENO.jpg?v=1736941546"},{"product_id":"sovescio-pk-vigor-per-terreni-con-carenza-di-humus","title":"'PK-VIGOR' GREEN MANUFACTURING FOR SOILS WITH HUMUS DEFICIENCY","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Suitable for soils with a lack of humus\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e A compound mixture with a high percentage of cereals, which increase the fiber and organic matter in the soil, where an increase in nitrogenous organic matter is not particularly necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e BAG: 25KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: 70% cereals (oats*, barley, rye, triticale)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 28% legumes (fava beans\/lupin*, peas, vetches)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 2% rapeseed\/mustard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e * \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003eLUPINO is used in the spring version as a substitute for fava beans\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 190 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e SOWING: AUTUMN\/SPRING\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976151568579,"sku":"COGO-7874-25KG","price":68.6,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/4432.jpg?v=1710439320"},{"product_id":"sovescio-pk-per-terreni-sabbiosi","title":"BIO PK GREEN MANURE FOR SANDY SOILS","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Suitable for all sandy soils\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Composed of all cereals, it can be used for soils that are very poor in organic matter, or that require nitrogen absorption (overly vigorous vines, or particular crops that do not require much nitrogen in the soil)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e BAG: 25KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: 98% cereals (oats, barley, rye, triticale)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 2% rapeseed\/mustard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 200 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e SOWING: AUTUMN\/SPRING\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976152518851,"sku":"COGO-7878-25KG","price":60.85,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/4433.jpg?v=1710439324"},{"product_id":"sovescio-per-zone-magre-vigor-per-terreni-poveri-di-humus","title":"GREEN MANURE FOR LEAN AREAS VIGOR FOR SOILS POOR IN HUMUS (LEGUMINOUS)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e A mixture composed of only legumes, suitable for soils that require a strong supply of nitrogenous organic matter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: 98% legumes (bean, vetch, pea, lupin*)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 2% rapeseed\/mustard*\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 25 KG BAG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 180-200 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e SOWING: AUTUMN\/SPRING\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976152551619,"sku":"COGO-7877-25KG","price":87.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/4434.jpg?v=1710439329"},{"product_id":"sovescio-per-zone-magre-per-terreni-sabbiosi-o-con-poco-azoto-e-sostanza-organica","title":"GREEN MANUFACTURING FOR LEAN AREAS FOR SANDY SOILS OR WITH LITTLE NITROGEN AND ORGANIC SUBSTANCE","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAs its name suggests, it is suitable for poorly fertile soils, which require a particularly high nitrogen content. The use of a percentage of cereals also allows for enrichment of the soil's fiber content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: 68% legumes (bean, vetch, pea, lupin*)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 30% cereals (oats*, barley, rye, wheat, spelt)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 2% rapeseed\/mustard*\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e 25KG BAG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 180-200 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e SOWING: AUTUMN\/SPRING\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976152912067,"sku":"COGO-7876-25KG","price":82.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/SOVESCIO_PER_ZONE_MAGRE_PER_TERRENI_SABBIOSI_O_CON_POCO_AZOTO_E_SOSTANZA_ORGANICA.jpg?v=1736941663"},{"product_id":"multifloreale-biodiversita","title":"ORGANIC MULTIFLORAL BIODIVERSITY GREEN MANOR MIX 25 KG","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eComposed of both perennial and annual species, it enriches the soil and creates a multicolored bloom, creating a highly interesting biodiversity both aesthetically and as an attractant for bees and insects. It encourages bees and insects and promotes fruiting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e INGREDIENTS: field bean, vetch, pea, lupin, alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, sulla, melilotus, phacelia, bird's-foot trefoil, horseradish, mustard, rapeseed, brassica juncea, buckwheat, borage, marigold, 30% cereals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e BAG: 25 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 130 KG\/HA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e SOWING: SPRING\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e The images are inserted for illustrative purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"1 Kg","offer_id":57823819366781,"sku":"COGO-7856-1KG","price":29.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 Kg","offer_id":57823819399549,"sku":"COGO-7856-5KG","price":130.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg","offer_id":42976154058947,"sku":"COGO-7856-25KG","price":245.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/4436.jpg?v=1710439340"},{"product_id":"triticale-belcanto-bio","title":"ORGANIC BELCANTO TRITICAL ","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976210026691,"sku":"COGO-7625-25KG","price":42.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/4526.jpg?v=1710439759"},{"product_id":"ginestrino","title":"GINESTRINO - UNTREATED","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 13-15 kg\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"kg.1","offer_id":42976460832963,"sku":"COGO-7625-1KG","price":28.7,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5kg","offer_id":42976460865731,"sku":"COGO-7625-5KG","price":131.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/5603.jpg?v=1710442322"},{"product_id":"trifoglio-alessandrino","title":"ALEXANDRIAN CLOVER - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Alexandrian clover is among the most interesting annual fodder legume species both for the Mediterranean environments (in the autumn-spring cycle) and for the Central-Northern European areas (in the spring-summer cycle).\u003cbr\u003e Originally from Asia Minor, it has been cultivated for a long time in its area of ​​origin, in India, throughout the Mediterranean basin and in central-northern Europe; in the United States its cultivation is limited to the eastern temperate regions and the South-Western area. \u003cbr\u003eAt least 4 biotypes of the Alexandrian clover can be distinguished which differ in biological characteristics, size and regrowth capacity of the plant: \"Fahl\", of greater development capable of providing a single cut; 'Saidi', drought resistant with deep root system and capable of providing 2-3 cuttings; Long-cycle, late-cycle \"Kadrawi\" typically provides 2-3 cuttings or more if irrigated; \"Miskawi\", early developing, capable of providing 3-4 cuts, is the most widespread in Italy and Europe. The first three are instead grown in warmer areas. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/trifoglioalessandrino.jpg\" alt=\"Alexandrian clover - Trifolium alexandrinum L.\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\"\u003e Alexandrian clover - Trifolium alexandrinum L. (photo \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.kuleuven-kortrijk.be\u003c\/a\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe plant has an erect habit, hollow stems, trifoliate compound leaves with narrow, sessile leaflets, carried by a long peduncle with enveloping stipules and axillary ramifications, basal shoots produced by the collar buds in succession throughout the cycle with intensity in relation to the conditions environmental and use, flower head inflorescence with white flowers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs and cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e The Alexandrian clover is native to temperate-warm climates, it does not tolerate temperatures below 0 °C and resists high temperatures well (up to 40 °C). \u003cbr\u003eIn order to germinate, the seeds require good humidity conditions and a temperature of at least 8-9 °C. In favorable conditions, the emergence of the seedlings occurs in 3-4 days. Low temperatures slow down or stop the vegetative activity of young seedlings, causing the leaves to take on a characteristic reddish color. Requires at least 8-10°C to begin stem growth. Flowering occurs with temperatures of at least 18-20 °C and begins 120-150 days after sowing in autumn sowing and after only 40-60 days in spring sowing.\u003cbr\u003e From a podiatric point of view, the Alexandrian clover is considered a species of limited needs.\u003cbr\u003e It is an improving species due to its taproot system rich in root tubercles.\u003cbr\u003e It is also well suited for the establishment of oligophyte herbaceous plants.\u003cbr\u003e In temperate climates and neutral or alkaline soils it replaces the clover incarnate in Landsberger mixtures. \u003cbr\u003eIt is generally believed that the Alexandrian clover is not very demanding in terms of tillage, being in the south often sown on firm ground, however in the clayey soils of the same environment the plowing approximately 30 cm deep in the month of August, repeated harrowing works and the leveling of the surface after the first autumn rain events are favorable conditions for obtaining a good herbage.\u003cbr\u003e Irrigation is more widespread in central and northern Italy, in southern Italy and on the islands the crop is usually dry.\u003cbr\u003e The harvesting of the alexandrino for the production of forage is generally carried out when the plant has just released the basal shoots which will produce the new stems and therefore the regrowth, for this reason the cutting or grazing must be carried out in such a way as not to damage the shoots basal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eCurrently in Italy 7 varieties are registered in the national register (\"Akenaton\", \"Alex\", \"Axe\", \"Laura\", \"Miriam\", \"Lilibeo\" and \"Sacromonte\" with the first 5 registered only after 1990.\u003cbr\u003e Among the foreign varieties of some interest are \"Bigbee\" and \"Multicut\", \"Wafir\" and \"Giza\", and the tetraploids \"Pusa Giant\" and \"Lage Giant\".\u003cbr\u003e The objectives of genetic improvement concern: increasing resistance to low temperatures and water stress, prolonging the biological cycle, increasing overall productivity and individual uses, improving quality.\u003cbr\u003e Currently the seed is mostly obtained with the last shoot of common crops planted for the production of forage (grazed and with a subsequent clearing cut or cut to obtain fresh forage or silage).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":42976461750467,"sku":"COGO-7616-1KG","price":10.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 KG","offer_id":57980755739005,"sku":"COGO-7616-5KG","price":50.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42976461783235,"sku":"COGO-7616-10KG","price":90.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg","offer_id":42976461816003,"sku":"COGO-7616-25KG","price":159.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/Trifoglio_Alessandrino.jpg?v=1736951419"},{"product_id":"favino-bio","title":"ORGANIC FAVINO","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 200 kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"kg.1","offer_id":42976477282499,"sku":"COGO-7605-1KG","price":4.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 kg","offer_id":42976477315267,"sku":"COGO-7605-2KG","price":8.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10kg","offer_id":42976477348035,"sku":"COGO-7605-10KG","price":26.75,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25kg","offer_id":42976477380803,"sku":"COGO-7605-25KG","price":50.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/favino.jpg?v=1736954831"},{"product_id":"miscuglio-per-prato-stabile-polifita-primizia-a","title":"PRATO POLIFITA MIXTURE “PRIMICE A”","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e“PRIMIZIA A”\u003c\/strong\u003e MIXTURE for STABLE POLIFYTED MEADOW\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e (fescue arundinacea, dactylis glomerata, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, common timothyle\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e hybrid clover, pratense clover, repens clover)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n \u003cdiv\u003eExcellent for the production of forage to be dried, with a good protein content given by clovers (20%), which are very suitable for livestock feeding. Given the composition, the necessary care during maturation is advisable, in order to minimize the loss of the clover leaf.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e Suitable for most soils, preferably fertile.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv\u003e Sowing density: 45-50 kg\/ha\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Packaging: 10 and 25 kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e the images are inserted for illustrative purposes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42976568410307,"sku":"COGO-8109-10KG","price":76.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":43877713608899,"sku":"COGO-8109-1kg","price":9.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":43877713805507,"sku":"COGO-8109-5KG","price":37.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":43877714591939,"sku":"COGO-8109-25KG","price":169.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/5932.jpg?v=1710443443"},{"product_id":"miscuglio-inerbimento-rustico-5-trif-repens","title":"RUSTIC GRASSING MIXTURE 5% TRIF. REPENS","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e BAGS: 10KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e COMPONENTS: Perennial ryegrass 60% - Festuca Arundinacea 17% - Festuca Rubra 18% - Repens clover 5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e RECOMMENDED DOSE: 100 kg\/ha\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: UNTREATED\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e the images are inserted for illustrative purposes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":42976673464515,"sku":"COGO-8112-10KG","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/6142.jpg?v=1710444406"},{"product_id":"orzo-cometa-bio","title":"ORGANIC COMETA BARLEY","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Quattrocento Sans','serif'; color: #592e02;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe seeds of common \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003ebarley\u003c\/span\u003e , \u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eHordeum vulgare\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e , have been a major source of energy for humans since ancient times. Its main uses are the \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eproduction of animal feed\u003c\/span\u003e and the \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eprocessing of malt\u003c\/span\u003e , used primarily in the \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003ebrewing and whisky industries\u003c\/span\u003e . However, in recent years there has been growing interest in the consumption of barley in human nutrition following numerous studies demonstrating its health effects.\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Quattrocento Sans','serif'; color: #592e02;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background: white;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eBarley\u003c\/span\u003e , besides being a good source of\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca title=\"Carbohydrates\" href=\"https:\/\/smartfood.ieo.it\/nutrizione-e-salute\/nutrienti\/carboidrati-glucidi-zuccheri\/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003ecarbohydrates\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003eand\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca title=\"Proteins\" href=\"https:\/\/smartfood.ieo.it\/nutrizione-e-salute\/nutrienti\/proteine-aminoacidi\/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003eprotein\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e, is a food not to be overlooked for its\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca title=\"Fiber - nutrients\" href=\"https:\/\/smartfood.ieo.it\/nutrizione-e-salute\/nutrienti\/fibra-alimentare\/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003efiber\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e content \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e. However, the pearled version, that is, without the outer layer, contains less fiber but still provides about a quarter of the recommended fiber and maintains a good beta-glucan content. Finally, barley is a source of\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca title=\"Vitamins\" href=\"https:\/\/smartfood.ieo.it\/nutrizione-e-salute\/nutrienti\/vitamine\/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IT; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003evitamins\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e, primarily B vitamins, and\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca title=\"Minerals\" href=\"https:\/\/smartfood.ieo.it\/nutrizione-e-salute\/nutrienti\/minerali\/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IT; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003eminerals\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: IT;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eCultivated barley derives from the wild barley Hordeum spontaneum, with which it shares a close relationship. The species is therefore divided into two subspecies: H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum (wild) and H. vulgare subsp. vulgare (domesticated). Both are diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes); the main difference is the fragility of the wild ears, which allows the seeds to be dispersed by the wind.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eIts origins can be traced to the Near East, specifically to the area encompassing modern-day Israel, Jordan, Syria, and southern Anatolia. The bare-kernel varieties, which readily shed their husks when ripe, appear to originate in China.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eTetrastic varieties are characterized by ears consisting of six rows (lengthwise rows of kernels), four of which are arranged in two pairs, while six-stic varieties have six rows of kernels spaced equally apart on the ear. Distichous varieties have only two rows of kernels on the ear. Polystic barley generally has a higher number of kernels per ear and higher yields, while two-stic varieties have fewer kernels per ear, but they are larger. The kernel can be bare (the glumes are detached during threshing) or coated (the glumes are attached to the kernel).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eBarley is an annual herbaceous plant that can reach a height of 60–120 cm at maturity, depending on the cultivar. Two-row varieties typically produce more tillers than several-row varieties.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eBarley has good drought resistance and can tolerate temperatures of 38°C if the ambient humidity is not too high. It can be grown at altitudes from sea level to mountains. It tolerates cold, although less so than other winter cereals such as wheat and rye.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eFor malt production, it's not advisable to follow barley with a legume, as the nitrogen enrichment caused by the latter would cause an excessive protein content in the grain. In polystack barley, excess nitrogen can promote lodging.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eFall sowing takes place in Northern Italy around mid-October, while in the South it is generally sown from the first ten days of November to the first ten days of December. Spring sowing should be done as soon as the weather conditions are right, to avoid the crop being at the ripening stage with excessively high temperatures. This would cause the development of small, stunted kernels.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';\"\u003eIt is often advisable to increase the seed rate in spring sowings, as they are characterized by a lower degree of tillering, or in the case of no-till sowing. In autumn sowings, a greater seed rate and therefore a greater number of culms per square meter limits the crop's natural tillering; this phenomenon can be useful in two-row barley used for malting, in order to obtain uniform and larger kernels. Sowing is carried out by broadcasting or, more frequently, in rows 15–20 cm apart (12–15 cm for two-row barley, to reduce tillering), with a sowing depth of 30–40 mm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42976674545859,"sku":"COGO-8114-25KG","price":60.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/6146.jpg?v=1710444416"},{"product_id":"erba-medica-varieta-padus-non-trattata","title":"ALFALFA PADUS VARIETY - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: Organic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 50 kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"kg.1","offer_id":43882855727299,"sku":"COGO-0933-1KG","price":15.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5kg","offer_id":43882855760067,"sku":"COGO-0933-5KG","price":68.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10kg","offer_id":43882855792835,"sku":"COGO-0933-10KG","price":125.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/ERBA_MEDICA_VARIETA_PADUS.jpg?v=1736954736"},{"product_id":"rafano-non-trattato-1","title":"ORGANIC HORSERADISH","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR THE GRAMS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWAITING TIME APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIVING PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eRapidly growing plant\u003c\/strong\u003e with excellent soil coverage, deep and taprooting root system, ideal for weed containment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e It has a strong nematicidal action, killing almost all harmful nematodes, preventing their multiplication, consequently with each green manure cycle a reduction of nematodes in the soil is achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Horseradish also has a biofumigant action thanks to the release of particular glucosinolates which determine a high biocidal activity in the soil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Thanks to the balanced C\/N ratio the green mass degrades rapidly, increasing the \u003cstrong\u003ehumus of the soil\u003c\/strong\u003e . Recent studies indicate an input of approximately one tonne\/hectare of organic substance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Excellent for greenhouse crops.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eIt is sown in almost all seasons, preferably from April to October. Light tillage of the soil is sufficient and rolling after sowing is highly recommended. Shred before complete flowering and bury within a few hours to obtain the maximum biocidal effect.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":43882871029955,"sku":"COGO-7613-1KG","price":10.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":43882871062723,"sku":"COGO-7613-5KG","price":42.6,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":43882871095491,"sku":"COGO-7613-10KG","price":79.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3232.jpg?v=1710435506"},{"product_id":"grano-tenero-taylor","title":"BOLERO SOFT WHEAT","description":"\u003cp\u003e BAG: 25 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e MODERN VARIETY\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e QUANTITY PER HECTARE: 170-200 Kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #f5a623;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWAITING TIME APPROXIMATELY 20 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIVING PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #d0121a;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMPORTANT!!!\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan color=\"#d0121a\" style=\"color: #d0121a;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eIN THE CASE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES, BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE PURCHASE IT IS NECESSARY TO CALL THE NUMBER 0173 70407 TO DEFINE THE DETAILS OF THE ORDER\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57072920166781,"sku":"COGO-7630-25KG","price":1584.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/taylor.jpg?v=1759408658"},{"product_id":"grano-tenero-san-domino","title":"BOLERO SOFT WHEAT","description":"\u003cp\u003e BAG: 25 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: ORGANIC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e MODERN VARIETY\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e QUANTITY PER HECTARE: 170-200 Kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #f5a623;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWAITING TIME APPROXIMATELY 20 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIVING PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan style=\"color: #d0121a;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMPORTANT!!!\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan color=\"#d0121a\" style=\"color: #d0121a;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eIN THE CASE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES, BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE PURCHASE IT IS NECESSARY TO CALL THE NUMBER 0173 70407 TO DEFINE THE DETAILS OF THE ORDER\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57073114644861,"sku":"COGO-7631-25KG","price":1650.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/taylor.jpg?v=1759408658"},{"product_id":"sulla","title":"ALFALFA PADUS VARIETY - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR WEIGHTS THE WAITING \u003cstrong\u003eTIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO ENSURE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e CERTIFICATION: Organic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 50 kg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"5kg","offer_id":57073161666941,"sku":"COGO-7632-5KG","price":65.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"10kg","offer_id":57073161699709,"sku":"COGO-7632-10KG","price":131.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/sulla_a56e164f-21f8-4c09-a858-df84dacddfe4.jpg?v=1759410839"},{"product_id":"veccia-comune-non-trattata","title":"COMMON VETCH","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #218e53;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATTENTION: PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR LARGE WEIGHTS \u003cstrong\u003eTHE WAITING TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 10 WORKING DAYS FROM RECEIPT OF PAYMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e TO GUARANTEE THE FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCERTIFICATION: organic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e KG PER HECTARE: 150 KG\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"1 kg bag","offer_id":57727698960765,"sku":"COGO-7626-1KG-NT","price":7.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg bag","offer_id":57727698993533,"sku":"COGO-7626-5KG-NT","price":21.23,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 kg bag","offer_id":57727699026301,"sku":"COGO-7626-10KG-NT","price":38.01,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 kg bag","offer_id":57727699059069,"sku":"COGO-7626-25KG-NT","price":75.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3217.jpg?v=1710435475"},{"product_id":"sulla-1","title":"CORN MIXTURE OF OLD VARIETIES","description":"\u003cp\u003e THIS CORN IS PRODUCED BY A SMALL LOCAL FARM.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Agribio Shop","offers":[{"title":"1 Kg","offer_id":58193529569661,"sku":"COGO-SULLA-1KG","price":16.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 Kg","offer_id":58193529602429,"sku":"COGO-SULLA-10KG","price":130.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/SULLASGUSCIATA.jpg?v=1771590323"},{"product_id":"colza-non-trattata","title":"ORGANIC RAPESEED","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"25kg","offer_id":57912916312445,"sku":"COGO-7603-25KG","price":136.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/products\/3930.jpg?v=1710437444"},{"product_id":"sorgo-da-foraggio-non-trattato-varieta-piper","title":"LUPINE - ORGANIC","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Lupine is a grain legume known and widespread since ancient times in the Mediterranean Basin and in the Middle East for its remarkable adaptability to the most ungrateful, acidic and lean environments where every other legume fails, for its power to improve fertility of the soil and for its ability to produce a grain rich in proteins (up to over 35%) although not without various drawbacks. In fact, lupine seeds contain bitter and\/or poisonous alkaloids which must be eliminated through prolonged washing so that the seeds can be used in human or animal nutrition.\u003cbr\u003e In Italy, lupine cultivation collapsed following the depopulation of disadvantaged areas in which lupine had found its place in extremely poor cultivation systems.\u003cbr\u003e The Italian regions where lupine is most widespread are Calabria, Lazio, Puglia and Campania. \u003cbr\u003eNew expansion prospects could open up for lupine with the selection of varieties with a very low alkaloid content (sweet varieties).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e White lupine - Lupinus albus L. and Blue lupine - Lupinus angustifolius L. (photo \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.net-garden.de\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.net-garden.de\u003c\/a\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Botanical characters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Lupins cultivated in Europe belong to three species: white lupin (Lupinus albus), yellow lupin (L. luteus) and blue or light blue lupin (L. angustifolius).\u003cbr\u003e In Italy the only interesting species, because it is the most suitable for the climate and the prevailing soils, is the white lupine, while the other species are more favored by the acidic soils and the humid and cool summer climate.\u003cbr\u003e The white lupine is characterized by the following traits. Annual plant, erect, up to 1.5 m tall, little branched, pubescent. Robust, taproot, which hosts numerous globose tubercles produced by Rhizobium. \u003cbr\u003eThe leaves are alternate, palmate-compound, that is, composed of a long petiole at the top of which 5-9 entire ovate-lanceolate leaflets are inserted, glabrous on the upper surface, often velvety on the lower one.\u003cbr\u003e The flowers are white, large, showy, gathered in racemes on the terminal part of the stem and branches.\u003cbr\u003e After fertilization, which is mainly autogamy, legumes are formed which are long, erect, leaning against the axis of the raceme, pubescent, flattened, containing numerous (3-6) seeds.\u003cbr\u003e The seeds are large, white, lenticular, up to 15 mm in diameter, weighing from 0.3 to 0.6 g per seed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Environmental needs\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e As mentioned, the peculiarity of lupine is that it thrives on acid soils. It is only in these that it deserves consideration, in fact lupine does not grow in calcareous soils and, on the other hand, other better quality grain legumes can be grown there. \u003cbr\u003eThe need for acidity or, in other words, the tolerance to limestone varies with the species: L. albus is the most tolerant (up to pH 7.2), L. luteus is the least tolerant (optimal pH between 4, 8 and 6).\u003cbr\u003e All lupins, without exception, greatly fear waterlogging and root asphyxiation, so only loose and well-drained soils are suitable for them.\u003cbr\u003e The sub-acid soils of volcanic origin present from Lazio to Campania are the most suitable for lupine.\u003cbr\u003e As regards climatic needs, the most important element is resistance to frost: only the white lupine resists the cold enough to be able to be sown in autumn in Italy and on the other hand tolerates the heat and drought that it encounters here in the of maturation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Variety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eLupine genetic improvement began several decades ago with the aim of lowering the alkaloid content of the seeds. \"Sweet\" foreign varieties of both white and blue lupine are now available: all of them must be checked to see if they are suitable for autumn sowing in Italy.\u003cbr\u003e New objectives that genetic improvement has begun to pursue are resistance to cryptogams, indehiscence of the pods, tolerance to limestone, resistance to cold.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Cultivation technique\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Lupine should be considered as an improving crop that alternates with the autumn cereal and which requires a technique no less accurate than other crops. Therefore: plowing of the stubble at medium depth, as early as possible before sowing, and harrowing to prepare the seed bed which, moreover, does not require much fine tuning. \u003cbr\u003eThe sowing of white lupine in Italy is done in October-November, in rows 0.25-0.35 m apart with a suitable number of seeds to ensure a population density of 20-30 plants per m2; with the most common types requiring 100-150 kg\/ha of seed. Lupine is able to compensate for investment deficiencies by increasing the branching of existing plants.\u003cbr\u003e The fertilization to be ordinarily adopted is phosphate: it can be assumed that 60-80 kg\/ha of P2O5 largely meets the needs of the crop. Potassium fertilization is certainly not necessary in the case of sub-acid soils of volcanic origin, while it can be useful in siliceous soils, acidic due to leaching of cations. Nitrogen is never necessary, thanks to the active symbiotic nitrogen fixation that takes place in the root tubercles, abundant in lupine.\u003cbr\u003e Weed control can be achieved with weeding; the herbicides applicable to lupins are included among those already mentioned for other grain legumes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/coltivazionierbacee\/lupino.jpg\" alt=\"Vacuum packed lupins\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\"\u003e Vacuum packed lupins (photo \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.agraria.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.agraria.org\u003c\/a\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Collection and use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Maturation is reached in June-July. Traditionally, lupins were harvested before fully ripening, cutting or uprooting the plants, leaving them in the field to complete drying and then threshing them separately.\u003cbr\u003e Harvesting with a combine harvester is hindered by the schooling with which the pods ripen, by the easy dehiscence of the pods themselves and by the possibility that the seeds are broken by the working parts of the combine harvester.\u003cbr\u003e The average productions resulting from the statistics are rather low, but with a suitable cultivation technique productions of 2.5-3.5 t\/ha of grain should be achievable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003e Adversity and parasites\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n \u003cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"\u003eCryptogamic adversities that can cause serious damage to lupine are root rot (Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Phythium debaryanum), favored by asphyxiated soil. Several viruses can also attack this species\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cogo","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":58100388823421,"sku":"COGO-7826-25KG","price":143.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0638\/5274\/0803\/files\/sorgopiantabytoppybakeristockphoto512142058750x500.jpg?v=1777453656"}],"url":"https:\/\/agribioshop.it\/en\/collections\/cogo.oembed?page=3","provider":"AgriBio Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}